What Is a Chipped Tooth?
A chipped tooth refers to damage where a piece of tooth structure has broken away. This can affect the outer enamel layer, the underlying dentine, or in more severe cases, extend deeper into the tooth. The size and location of the chip determine both its impact on function and the most appropriate restoration approach.
It is worth distinguishing between different types of surface damage. Craze lines are fine, superficial cracks in the enamel that do not extend through the tooth and typically do not require treatment. A true chip, by contrast, involves the actual loss of tooth material, leaving a visible defect or rough edge that may benefit from professional assessment.
Chipped teeth can occur on any tooth but are particularly common on front teeth and the biting edges of molars due to their exposure to direct impact and chewing forces.
Common Causes of Chipped Teeth
Teeth chip for various reasons, from sudden trauma to gradual weakening over time. Understanding common causes can help with prevention.
Physical Trauma or Impact
Sports injuries, falls, or accidental contact with hard objects can cause chips ranging from minor enamel damage to more significant fractures.
Biting Hard Foods
Chewing ice, boiled sweets, fruit pits, or other hard items can chip tooth enamel, particularly if the tooth is already weakened.
Using Teeth as Tools
Opening packages, tearing tape, or holding objects with your teeth places unnatural stress on tooth structure and may cause chips.
Weakened Teeth
Teeth with large fillings, previous decay, or root canal treatment may be more susceptible to chipping due to reduced structural integrity.
Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)
Chronic grinding or clenching places excessive force on teeth, wearing down enamel and making teeth more prone to chipping.
Age-Related Wear
Over time, teeth naturally experience wear that can make enamel thinner and more vulnerable to chipping.
Symptoms to Look For
The signs of a chipped tooth vary depending on the size and location of the damage. You may experience one or more of the following:
Sharp or Jagged Edges
The tongue often detects rough or sharp areas on the tooth surface where enamel has broken away.
Soft Tissue Irritation
A chipped edge may catch on or irritate the tongue, cheek, or lip, causing discomfort.
Temperature Sensitivity
If the chip exposes dentine, you may experience sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks.
Pain When Biting
Discomfort when chewing may indicate the chip has affected the tooth's structural integrity or exposed sensitive layers.
Visible Damage
Depending on the location, you may be able to see a portion of the tooth missing, particularly on front teeth.
Why Professional Assessment Is Necessary
Even when a chip appears minor, professional assessment is advisable for several reasons. The visible damage may not reflect the full extent of the issue—chips can create hidden fracture lines that extend deeper into the tooth structure, potentially affecting its long-term stability.
When the protective enamel layer is breached, the softer dentine beneath becomes exposed. This layer is more porous and allows bacteria easier access toward the tooth's inner pulp, increasing the risk of decay or infection if left unaddressed.
During assessment, dentists use clinical examination and, where appropriate, dental imaging to evaluate the severity of damage. This allows for early intervention before minor issues develop into more complex problems requiring extensive treatment.
Professional Treatment Options for a Chipped Tooth
The most appropriate treatment depends on factors including the size and location of the chip, whether the tooth is a front or back tooth, and the overall condition of the remaining tooth structure. Options may include:
Composite Bonding
For minor to moderate chips, tooth-coloured composite resin can be applied and shaped to restore the tooth's natural appearance. This is often completed in a single appointment.
Dental Contouring
For very small, non-structural chips, gentle reshaping and polishing of the remaining enamel can smooth rough edges without adding material.
Dental Veneers
For front teeth with cosmetic concerns, thin porcelain or composite shells can cover the tooth surface, providing both aesthetic improvement and protection.
Dental Crowns
For larger chips affecting tooth strength, a crown may be recommended to encase and protect the remaining tooth structure whilst restoring function.
Onlays
When damage affects the chewing surface but a full crown is not required, an onlay can restore the specific damaged area with precision.
Your dentist will discuss suitable options following examination, taking into account your preferences, the functional requirements of the tooth, and any aesthetic considerations.
Professional Restoration for Chipped Teeth
A chipped tooth should be examined clinically to determine the most stable and aesthetically appropriate restoration option. Our dental team can assess the extent of damage and recommend suitable treatment to restore both function and appearance.
Depending on your needs, treatment may involve general dental examination to assess the damage, composite bonding for minor repairs, dental veneers for cosmetic restoration of front teeth, or dental crowns to protect and strengthen teeth with larger chips.
Whether you require a minor repair or a more comprehensive restoration, our experienced dental team provides personalised care across our London clinics. You can visit our South Kensington dental clinic or our City of London clinic near St Paul's for a professional assessment.
